Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab hauv Nyij Pooj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nthuav dav qhov nrov ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci hluav taws xob. Hnub ci hluav taws xob sib koom tau txais ntau qhov kev mloog zoo li kev ntsuas kom nthuav dav nkag mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov thev naus laus zis tau nthuav dav hauv Nyij Pooj, cov teeb meem tshiab thiab kev ntxhov siab tau tshwm sim hauv hnub ci hluav taws xob sib koom.
Based on this, we next focus on 3 problems that have to be overcome in the future development of solar energy in Japan. They are "Land Constraints", "Social Acceptance" and "Technology Constraints". Below we will analyze these three issues one by one.
01
Teeb meem 1: Av txwv
Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Nyiv Ministry ntawm Ib puag ncig, lub peev xwm los qhia lub hnub ci zog hauv Nyij Pooj yog 2,746GW. Ntawm lawv, nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau nruab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci, nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 699GW. Tom qab FIT pib, thaj av thiab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hauv Nyij Pooj tau ua tsawg thiab tsawg.
Ntau thiab ntau thaj av ua liaj ua teb hauv Nyij Pooj kuj tau siv rau hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis muaj ntau qhov txwv tsis pub hloov pauv ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb, uas tau txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nrov hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob hauv Nyiv. Raws li lub Peb Hlis 2020, tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntawv tso cai hloov pauv av ua liaj ua teb tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry thiab Fisheries yog 2,653, thiab thaum kawg ntawm 2021, tag nrho cov peev txheej tau nce mus txog 4,000.
Including forests that have obtained development permits, abandoned arable land and agricultural wasteland in Japan can also be converted into solar power generation land for effective use. At present, Japan's abandoned arable land has reached 420,000 hectares. If these lands can be used as solar power generation land, it will not only contribute to the popularization of renewable energy in Japan, but also to local income generation in Japan and the utilization of national land. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is re-examining the system for converting agricultural wasteland into solar power generation land, but Japan will always avoid excessive appropriation of agricultural land.
Hauv 2019, ntau dua 2,000 cov phiaj xwm ua liaj ua teb teeb tau ntxiv hauv Nyij Pooj. Qhov kev nce no tsis ntau dhau. Txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov phiaj xwm ua liaj ua teb hauv Nyij Pooj yuav nce ntxiv rau yav tom ntej, vim tias pawg neeg ua liaj ua teb ntawm Nyij Pooj tau dhau los ua nruj dua hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb, cov av ua liaj ua teb uas tsis tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kuj tseem yuav nce ntxiv.
02
Nqe Lus Nug 2: Kev lees txais
Txawm hais tias lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob txawm tias nyob hauv thaj av tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Thaum lub hnub ci fais fab muaj kev lees paub dav hauv Nyij Pooj, nws yuav raug saib xyuas los ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev loj hlob hauv zos tom qab FIT xaus.
Tam sim no, muaj qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis quav ntsej txog cov kev cai cuam tshuam ib puag ncig kev qhia txog lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm Nyiv. Yog tias lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li lwm txoj hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov kev txhawj xeeb hauv zos thiab hauv zej zog. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau ua txawm tias qhov ntshuam ntawm qee lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob raug txo.
Txij li lub Plaub Hlis 2020, Nyiv Ministry ntawm Ib puag ncig tau pib xav txog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci ntau dua 30MW raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig. Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab kom ncav cuag lub peev xwm no yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws txoj kev tsim kho tau pom zoo los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos. Yog li ntawd, kev taw qhia txog kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv Nyij Pooj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog xav txog lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj xav txog seb nws puas koom nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm Nyiv.
On this issue, the corresponding Japanese laws and the central government will play a great role. For example, the "Japan's Law on Renewable Resources for Agriculture, Mountains and Fishing Villages" implemented in 2014 stipulates that the development of renewable energy should be led by local governments, and energy Importing must reach a consensus with the locality and provide returns for the locality. In addition, Japan's government agencies have the disadvantage of being independent, and in order to popularize renewable energy locally, relevant Japanese government agencies must strengthen cooperation.
In Japan, in addition to the central government, local governments also have a certain degree of decision-making power over local affairs. Therefore, whether renewable energy can be popularized locally also depends on whether the authority of the local government can be utilized. As of 2019, a total of 68 municipalities, municipalities and villages have formulated basic plans for local renewable energy in accordance with the "Renewable Energy Law for Farming, Mountains and Fishing Villages" promulgated by the central government of Japan, and a total of 80 equipment improvement plans related to renewable energy. According to these laws mentioned above, Japanese local governments can explore the potential of renewable energy production in their regions, confirm the significance of introducing renewable energy in their regions, and thus increase the acceptance of renewable energy in their regions.
03
Nqe Lus Nug 3: Technical Constraints
Kev ua liaj ua teb sib txawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau ib cheeb tsam, thiab ntau yam thiab cov tswv yim tsim tawm txawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau ib cheeb tsam, txawm tias nws yog nplej, zaub los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txhua cov qoob loo muaj lub teeb saturation point rau photosynthesis. Txawm hais tias lub hnub ci saum toj ntawm lub teeb saturation muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo, txawm tias muaj qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo ci rau cov qoob loo, puas muaj teeb meem rau cov qoob loo, thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub ci sib koom tsom rau qhov point no. Txawm hais tias cov qoob loo tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw huab cua thiab av, thiab yog tias yoog raws li cov xwm txheej no, kev sib koom hnub ci yuav ua tau.
In addition, the problems of the power system itself are also restricting the development of solar power generation. Currently, Japan's grid and AC frequencies are not uniform. Instead, it is divided into several areas under the jurisdiction of the electricity company in that area. Due to this special situation of Japan's power grid, the power fluctuation of renewable energy in Japan's power grid, ensuring the maintenance of transmission capacity and power system stability, etc., have become several major issues to be solved for the widespread popularization of renewable energy in Japan.
Epilogue
If these problems are improved, the cost of solar power generation in Japan is expected to be further reduced. The spread of renewable electricity has not only cut carbon dioxide emissions, but is also expected to cut electricity bills. More profoundly, solar power sharing will be a means of "realizing a community-based society of good material recycling."