Singapore yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tebchaws hauv Asia kom qhib nws lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob. Txij li thaum qhia txog kev sib tw ua lag luam thiab kev ywj pheej tag nrho ntawm cov khw muag khoom hauv Singapore, kev ua lag luam tseem ceeb tau txhawb nqa, thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob tau txo qis heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov nce ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, Singapore, uas yog nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub zog, kuj tau muaj kev hloov pauv loj ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, thiab qee cov khw muag khoom tau thim tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov pa hluav taws xob xoom los ntawm 2050, Singapore yuav nquag tsim nws tus kheej lub hnub ci kev lag luam ntxiv rau kev xa tawm ntau lub zog huv los ntawm daim phiaj hauv cheeb tsam.
01 Kev nqis peev ib puag ncig
(1) Lub teb chaws Profile
Singapore yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Malay Peninsula, ntawm qhov nkag thiab tawm ntawm Strait of Malacca, nyob ib sab rau Malaysia hla lub Strait ntawm Johor nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab tig mus rau Indonesia hla Strait ntawm Singapore nyob rau sab qab teb. Nws suav nrog Singapore Island thiab 63 Islands nyob ze. nce mus txog 728 square kilometers. Raws li lub Rau Hli 2020, Singapore tag nrho cov pej xeem yog 5.6858 lab. Singapore yog lub nroog-xeev uas tsis muaj kev sib faib ntawm cov xeev thiab nroog.
Singapore yog ib lub tebchaws nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, paub txog nws qhov xwm txheej ruaj ntseg thiab tsoomfwv huv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Singapore yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyiaj txiag, kev pabcuam thiab chaw xa khoom hauv Asia thiab yog lub chaw nyiaj txiag thib tsib hauv ntiaj teb tom qab New York, London, Shanghai thiab Hong Kong.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov tsim ntawm ASEAN, Singapore ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo hauv cheeb tsam. Singapore nrhiav qhov "sib npaug ntawm lub zog loj" thiab tawm tswv yim tsim kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv thiab Is Nrias teb hauv Asia-Pacific; nws tau kos npe rau ob sab kev lag luam dawb daim ntawv cog lus nrog ntau lub teb chaws, thiab tau koom nrog Kev Sib Koom Tes thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Sib Koom Tes (CPTPP) thiab Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Kev Lag Luam Hauv Cheeb Tsam "(RCEP).
(2) Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
02 Kev nqis peev ib puag ncig
(1) Lub zog thiab lub zog tsim qauv
Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, Singapore tau maj mam hloov los ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob mus rau ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg natural gas zog tsim. Tam sim no, 95 feem pua ntawm hluav taws xob yog los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Hauv 10 xyoo dhau los, Singapore tau siv zog tsim lub hnub ci zog, thiab nws lub hnub ci muaj peev xwm tau nce los ntawm ib puas npaug ntawm 3.8 megawatt ncov hauv xyoo 2010 txog li 400 megawatt ncov nyob nruab nrab -2020. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov pem teb saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm HDB flats (public vaj tse) tam sim no muaj lossis tau nruab nrog lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab los ntawm 2030 qhov kev faib ua feem no yuav nce mus rau 70 feem pua. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev txwv hauv av, Singapore tseem tab tom npaj yuav teeb tsa lub hnub ci ntab saum lub cistern.
(2) Lub zog ua haujlwm mechanism
Cov koom haum tswj hwm hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws Singapore feem ntau suav nrog Ministry of Trade thiab Industry (MTI), Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (EMA) thiab Lub Tuam Txhab Hluav Taws Xob (PSO). EMA yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Ministry of Trade thiab Industry of Singapore thiab ua haujlwm peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: tus neeg siv hluav taws xob, kev tsim kho lub tswv yim thiab kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
SP Power Assets Ltd yog tus tswv thiab tswj hwm Singapore cov hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob. Singapore Power Grid Corporation (SP Power Grid), raws li nws tus neeg sawv cev, tau tso cai los ntawm EMA los ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim kho thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm Singapore txoj kev sib kis thiab kev faib tawm. EMA teeb tsa cov qauv kev ua tau zoo rau Singapore Energy Assets.
Txij li thaum 2018, Singapore tau maj mam liberalized lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob sib tw rau Is Taws Nem hauv Singapore lag luam wholesale hluav taws xob ua lag luam, thiab lub khw muag khoom raug tshem tawm txhua ib nrab teev. Tus nqi yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab cov khw muag khoom them raws li tus nqi sib xws (Uniform Singapore Energy Price, USEP) tsim los ntawm kev sib tw; nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom, cov khw muag khoom hluav taws xob cov neeg siv khoom tau muab nrog cov txheej txheem nqi sib txawv.
Cov neeg siv hluav taws xob feem ntau (cov tsev neeg thiab cov lag luam nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua hli noj tsawg dua 4,000 kWh) muaj kev xaiv los sau npe rau Standard Price Plans nrog cov khw muag khoom lossis siv Singapore Energy Group's Regulated Tariff; loj Raws li ob txoj kev xaiv, cov neeg siv hluav taws xob (nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua hli noj tsawg kawg yog 4,000 kWh) kuj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov lag luam wholesale los yuav hluav taws xob.
Txhawm rau nthuav dav lawv cov kev sib tw, cov khw muag khoom tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov nqi hluav taws xob luv nqi xwb, tab sis kuj muab cov kev pabcuam muaj nqis ntxiv nrog rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj, kev sib txuas lus, kev tuav pov hwm thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
(3) Kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi hluav taws xob
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Uniform Price (USEP) ntawm cov lag luam wholesale hluav taws xob hauv Singapore feem ntau tau qis dua tus nqi hluav taws xob tag nrho. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tw khaus ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, uas zoo li overinvest. Cov khw muag khoom tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg ntawm cov khw muag khoom lag luam thiab them cov nqi muag khoom hluav taws xob hauv qab tus nqi tsim hluav taws xob.
Kwv yees li 95 feem pua ntawm Singapore cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas txhais tau hais tias Singapore tus nqi hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov nqi hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb. Txij xyoo 2021 txog 2022, vim muaj lub zog thoob ntiaj teb nruj thiab qhov nce siab ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv khw muag khoom hluav taws xob hauv Singapore feem ntau hloov pauv ntau txhua ib nrab teev.
Cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv khw muag khoom hluav taws xob, tab sis cov neeg siv khoom yuav hnov qhov nce ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob thaum lawv rov ua dua lossis kos npe rau tus qauv nqi hluav taws xob tshiab.
Feem ntau hais lus, tus qauv kev them nqi hluav taws xob yog rau lub sijhawm 6, 12 lossis 24 lub hlis. Yog tias tus neeg siv kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tsis siv neeg rov ua dua tshiab (Tsis Siv Neeg Rov Ntxiv Daim Ntawv Cog Lus), tus nqi hluav taws xob muab los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum qis dua tus nqi tswj lub sijhawm ntawd. .
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 2021, Singapore Energy Group tshaj tawm tias cov nqi hluav taws xob tswj hwm hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2022 yuav nce los ntawm 22.21 xees / kWh hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2021 txog 27.22 xees / kWh (ua se suav nrog), nce 23. feem pua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub khw muag khoom tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam lossis tso tseg tsis lees txais cov neeg siv tshiab. Yog li ntawd, qee cov neeg siv hluav taws xob loj tau tig mus yuav hluav taws xob los ntawm Singapore Energy Group ntawm cov nqi muag khoom.
(4) National Electric Power Development Plan
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2022, EMA tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tias Singapore yuav ua tiav qhov tsis muaj pa phem los ntawm 2050, xa cov hluav taws xob huv dua los ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv cheeb tsam, txhim kho hydrogen-fueled infrastructure, ua kom siv cov photovoltaics, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg xws li Kev Tshawb Fawb. nuclear technology thiab carbon capture, thiab lwm yam.
Singapore npaj kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj hnub ci hluav taws xob tsawg kawg 2 gigawatts (GWp) los ntawm 2030 thiab lub hom phiaj cia tsawg kawg 200 MW los ntawm 2025.
Singapore tseem npaj yuav ntshuam 4 GW ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg los ntawm 2035, uas yuav suav txog kwv yees li 30 feem pua ntawm Singapore cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas yuav ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tw Thov Kev Pom Zoo (RFP).
Txog rau qhov kawg no, EMA tau ua lub zog ntshuam kev sim nrog cov neeg koom tes, tshuaj xyuas thiab kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm, suav nrog kev xa tawm 100 MW hluav taws xob los ntawm Malaysia thiab 100 MW hnub ci zog los ntawm Indonesia. Singapore kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Laos-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore Power Integration Project (LTMS-PIP), uas pab txhawb kev lag luam hluav taws xob hla ciam teb.
03 Kev nqis peev peev thiab kev pheej hmoo tsom xam ntawm Singapore lub lag luam hluav taws xob
(1) Kev nqis peev peev
Tom qab ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm kev hloov kho hluav taws xob kev lag luam, Singapore cov hluav taws xob kev lag luam kev lag luam tam sim no ua tiav, cov qauv kev lag luam muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab kev saib xyuas thiab kev siv hluav taws xob cov nqi hluav taws xob yog cov paub tab. Tsuas yog qee cov Islands tuaj me me, lub teb chaws daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob tau ua tiav, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog nyob rau theem ua hauv ntiaj teb.
Hais txog kev tsim hluav taws xob, muaj qee lub sijhawm rau loj-loj floating photovoltaic fais fab kev tsim cov phiaj xwm. Lub Sembcorp Tengger Floating Body Solar Power Plant, uas tau cog lus thiab tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Zog Siv Hluav Taws Xob Pab Pawg Shanxi Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tsim Lub Koom Haum Co., Ltd., yog thawj qhov loj-loj floating photovoltaic fais fab tsim qhov project hauv Singapore.
(2) Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqis peev
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv loj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv Singapore yog qhov tsawg heev, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsis zoo li yuav nthuav qhia cov peev txheej loj hauv hluav taws xob hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.