Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau lub tebchaws Latin America tau txuas ntxiv qhia cov cai thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev nqis peev los txhawb kev txhim kho lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci zog thiab cua zog, thiab tau ua si lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim kho lub zog huv si xws li bioenergy thiab qis. -carbon hydrogen, thiab lub zog ntawm lub zog hloov pauv tau txuas ntxiv mus.
Txhawb kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog huv
Thawj Latin American Energy Outlook tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los qhia tias lub zog fossil tam sim no suav txog li 2/3 ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv Latin America, uas yog qis dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm 80%; Hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev tsim hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv rau 60% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam, kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab, thiab hydropower ib leeg suav txog 45% ntawm thaj av tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; nyob rau hauv kev thauj mus los, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm biofuels nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yog ob npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no qhov nruab nrab. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntseeg tias Latin America yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb.
Brazil tab tom ua kom nrawm rau kev txhim kho lub zog huv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Brazilian Power Exchange Center ob peb hnub dhau los, qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab hauv Brazil yuav ncav cuag qhov siab tshiab hauv 2023, nrog 93.1% ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li cua, hnub ci thiab biomass, ntawm uas hydropower suav txog li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob. Kev faib ua feem ntawm hnub ci thiab cua zog hauv tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob kuj tseem nce ntxiv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob hauv Brazil thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo no, Brazil lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tshiab hauv xyoo 2023 tau tshaj 10.3 GW, ntawm cov cua fais fab thiab hnub ci zog suav txog 47.65% thiab 39.51% ntawm lub peev xwm nruab tshiab raws li. Roberto Muñiz, tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum kev sib raug zoo ntawm Brazilian National Confederation ntawm Kev Lag Luam, tau taw qhia tias lub zog tauj dua tshiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv Brazil lub zog matrix, thiab tsoomfwv Brazilian niaj hnub txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Chilean Electricity Company Association, 63% ntawm Chile txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 2023 los ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, nce 7 feem pua ntawm 2022, mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua lub sijhawm. Ntawm lawv, hydropower suav txog 29% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob, hnub ci zog suav txog ze li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob suav txog 17% ntawm 24% hauv 2022. Raws li Chile's "Peb O' Clock News", txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo no, Chilean Environmental Assessment Bureau tau txais daim ntawv thov kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig rau ntau tshaj 20 photovoltaic fais fab kev lag luam, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev ntawm US $ 2.023 billion, suav nrog plaub qhov haujlwm loj photovoltaic nrog kev nqis peev ntau dua. US $ 200 lab. Tsoomfwv Chilean tau hais tias Chile muaj cov xwm txheej kom ua tiav ntau haiv neeg, kev tsim kho tshiab thiab tsim kho tshiab, thiab yuav txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam lithium thiab kev lag luam ntsuab hydrogen zog.
Hauv Colombia, hydropower suav txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Colombia tau nquag txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv zog tauj dua tshiab. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm "Renewable Energy 2024" tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Colombian Renewable Energy Association qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv 2023, tag nrho ntawm 25 lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob tej yaam num yuav raug muab tso rau hauv lub teb chaws, nrog rau tag nrho cov tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm 208 megawatts, ib xyoos ib zaug. - xyoo nce ntawm 70%. Nws cia siab tias lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv 2024 yuav ncav cuag 1.24 gigawatts, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsim cov phiaj xwm hauv cov phiaj xwm theem yuav yog 1.8 gigawatts.
Lub teb chaws nce kev txhawb nqa txoj cai
Latin America muaj ntau reserves ntawm renewable zog xws li hnub ci zog, cua zog, thiab hydropower. Ntau lub teb chaws suav tias kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsav kev lag luam. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm "Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntiaj Teb Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntiaj Teb" tau kwv yees tias los ntawm 2050, Latin America qhov kev thov rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub zog yuav muaj txog US $ 45 nphom hauv ib xyoos, thiab txhua txhua US $ 1 nqis peev tuaj yeem ua rau kev lag luam rov qab los ntawm US $ 3 txog US $ 8; Los ntawm 2050, kev nqis peev hauv lub zog tauj dua tshiab yuav tsum txhawb nqa Latin America lub GDP los ntawm 2.4%.
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom "Lub Zog Hloov Pauv Kev Lag Luam Trends 2024" tso tawm los ntawm Bloomberg, Brazil nyiam ntau dua $ 25 nphom hauv kev nqis peev hauv lub zog tauj dua tshiab hauv xyoo 2023, qeb thib peb hauv ntiaj teb. Xyoo tas los, Luciana Santos, Minister of Science, Technology thiab Innovation ntawm Brazil, tau hais tias Brazil yuav nce nws cov kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, qis carbon hydrogen, thiab lwm yam, thiab yuav nqis peev 21 billion reais (1 reais yog kwv yees li 1.36 yuan) los txhawb kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse hauv cov haujlwm muaj feem xyuam. Brazil muab qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam qis carbon hydrogen. Xyoo tas los, nws tau tsim "National Hydrogen Energy Plan (2023-2025)" thiab tau cog lus los txhawb cov nroj tsuag uas muaj cov pa roj carbon hydrogen tsawg. Lub hom phiaj yog ua kom Brazil muaj kev sib tw qis-carbon hydrogen tsim los ntawm 2030, thiab maj mam siv cov pa roj carbon tsawg los hloov cov hluav taws xob ib txwm siv hauv metallurgy, petrochemicals thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Colombia tau tshaj tawm txoj kev npaj "Just Energy Transition" thiab tsim ib pawg sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob, tsom mus rau tsib thaj chaw loj: nce peev hauv lub zog huv thiab decarbonization, maj mam hloov cov fossil fuels, txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob, txo cov kev cai rau ua kom lub zog huv huv, thiab txhawb kev lag luam rov ua lag luam. Xyoo tas los no, lub teb chaws kuj tau tshaj tawm cov cai los txhawb cov neeg nyob hauv paus txawm thiab cov zej zog nyob deb nroog koom tes nrog cov lag luam los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me thiab kev lag luam ua lag luam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zej zog, lawv tseem tuaj yeem muag hluav taws xob rau hauv lub tebchaws.
Peru muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nqis peev hauv cov haujlwm cua thiab hnub ci zog. Lub "Zero Emission Energy Transformation Roadmap 2030-2050" txhawb nqa los ntawm Peruvian National Electricity Company lub hom phiaj los ua kom muaj zog hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus txog 81% ntawm lub teb chaws tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm 2030. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog txhawb kev tsim hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus, txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb fais fab thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Peru's "Kev Lag Luam Txhua Hnub" kwv yees tias Peru lub hnub ci thiab cua fais fab teeb tsa lub peev xwm yuav muab ob npaug rau xyoo 2024, thiab nws feem hauv lub teb chaws lub zog yuav nce los ntawm 5% mus rau 10%.
Tuam Tshoj-Latin America zog kev koom tes yog sib sib zog nqus
Cov tuam txhab suav yog ib qho ntawm cov tub ua lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab hauv Latin America. Raws li kev tshawb fawb qhia tawm los ntawm Brazilian Institute of Applied Economics xyoo tas los, los ntawm 2019 txog 2022, lub peev xwm nruab ntawm photovoltaic fais fab kev lag luam los ntawm Suav tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv Latin America tau quadrupled, los ntawm 363 MW mus rau 1.4 GW; Lub zog tsim hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm cua ua liaj ua teb tau nqis peev los ntawm Suav tuam txhab tau nce ob npaug, los ntawm 1.6 GW rau 3.2 GW.
Tsis ntev los no, Xeev Grid Brazil Holding Company thiab Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus franchise rau "Brazil Northeast UHV Project". Lub phiaj xwm yuav ntim thiab thauj cov hluav taws xob huv xws li cua fais fab, hnub ci zog thiab hluav taws xob nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb Brazil, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev xav tau hluav taws xob ntawm kwv yees li 12 lab tus tib neeg hauv cheeb tsam xws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cheeb Tsam ntawm Brazil. Brazilian Minister of Mines thiab Energy Silveira tau hais tias qhov project yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qib kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm Brazil txoj kab hluav taws xob, thiab yuav txhawb nqa ntsuab thiab qis-carbon kev loj hlob ntawm Brazil kev lag luam thiab zej zog.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Chile tau siv zog txhawb kev hloov pauv lub zog, thov kom kaw tag nrho cov thee hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm 2030 thiab ua tiav cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab los ntawm 2050. Yuav kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm "decarbonization", ntau qhov chaw hauv Chile tau ua tiav kev hloov kho thiab kho dua tshiab. ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab substations. Tuam Tshoj Xeev Grid Chekunta Group tau koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm, nqa cov hluav taws xob huv thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov neeg hauv zos. Diego Pardo, Minister of Energy ntawm Chile, tau hais tias Chile muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab txaus siab ntxiv dag zog rau kev koom tes nrog Tuam Tshoj hauv lub zog tauj dua tshiab.
Hauv Colombia, Suav tuam txhab lag luam tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho lub zog huv hauv zos. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2023, thawj theem ntawm Baranoa Solar Power Plant tau nqis peev los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Peb Gorges Corporation pib tsim. Roberto Celedon, Tus kav nroog ntawm Baranoa, tau hais tias cov chaw siv hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv zos muaj kev nplua nuj, thiab kev siv tshuab thiab kev nqis peev los ntawm Tuam Tshoj yuav ua rau lub nroog yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv lub hnub ci zoo. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2023, PowerChina thiab Celsia ntawm Colombia tau kos npe rau Escobar Photovoltaic Project Engineering General Contracting Contract. Ricardo Cela, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Celsia, tau hais tias qhov project yuav pab Colombia lub zog hloov pauv ntxiv.
Andres Rebolledo, Secretary General ntawm Latin American Energy Organization, tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj yog ib tug tseem ceeb tus khub nyob rau hauv renewable zog peev thiab technologies kev koom tes nyob rau hauv Latin America. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ob tog kuj tau ua ntau txoj kev koom tes hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsheb. "Kev koom tes muaj peev xwm ntawm Latin American lub teb chaws thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv lub zog teb yog loj heev thiab lub zeem muag yog dav."