Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Russia-Ukraine tau ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws xob nyob sab Europe tseem ceeb. Yuav kom tshem tawm ntawm kev vam khom rau Lavxias teb sab zog, loj-scale kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab tau dhau los ua thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm European lub teb chaws.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2022, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tsa nws lub hom phiaj hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv xyoo 2030 los ntawm 65 feem pua rau 80 feem pua , thiab ua kom lub zog nthuav dav ntawm hnub ci photovoltaic thiab cua zog, aiming kom ua tiav 350 gigawatts (GW) ntawm lub peev xwm los ntawm 2030, piv rau 191 GW ua ntej. UK thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm lub hom phiaj 2030 PV hauv nws lub zog lub tswv yim, thiab Portugal tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm kom ncav cuag nws lub hom phiaj 2030 los ntawm 2026.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 14, European Parliament tau txais kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm 2018 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tshiab, uas txhawb nqa EU lub xyoo 2030 nce nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab rau 45 feem pua, tshaj li 40 feem pua lub hom phiaj los ntawm EU cov tswv cuab hauv lub Rau Hli.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, raws li ib tug tseem ceeb ncej ntawm huv zog transformation, hnub ci photovoltaic fais fab tiam tau ushered nyob rau hauv tawg loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, European hnub ci photovoltaic kev lag luam tab tom ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, vam tias yuav "rov qab" kev lag luam los ntawm Suav tuam txhab thiab tsim kom muaj kev lag luam "Made in Europe" photovoltaic.
01 Cov ntaub ntawv siab: 41.4GW ntawm cov tshiab photovoltaic ntsia muaj peev xwm hauv EU
Tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj chaw, kev txhim kho ntawm European hnub ci kev lag luam tau nce sai hauv xyoo 2022 thiab tau nce mus rau hauv ib xyoo cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab "European Solar Energy Market Outlook 2022-2026}" tso tawm los ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam SolarPower Europe thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, nws tau kwv yees tias lub peev xwm tshiab ntawm photovoltaics hauv EU yuav ncav cuag 41.4GW hauv 2022, ib xyoos. -on-xyoo nce ntawm 47 feem pua los ntawm 28.1GW hauv 2021, thiab xav tias yuav ua ob npaug rau qhov kev cia siab 484GW los ntawm 2026. Lub 41.4GW ntawm lub peev xwm nruab tshiab yog sib npaug rau kev siv hluav taws xob 12.4 lab European lub tsev, thiab sib npaug rau kev tshem tawm 4.45 billion cubic. meters (4.45bcm) ntawm cov pa roj ntsha, lossis 102 LNG tankers.
Hauv 2022, tag nrho cov peev txheej nruab hnub ci zog hauv EU tseem yuav nce 25 feem pua ntawm 167.5GW hauv 2021 txog 208.9GW. Tshwj xeeb rau lub teb chaws, lub peev xwm tshiab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv EU lub teb chaws tseem yog cov qub tub rog photovoltaic player - Lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv 7.9GW hauv 2022; ua raws li Spain, nrog lub peev xwm tshiab ntawm 7.5GW; Poland nyob qib nrog 4.9GW tshiab tsim muaj peev xwm Thib Peb, lub Netherlands tshiab tau nruab 4GW thiab Fabkis tshiab 2.7GW.
Tshwj xeeb, kev loj hlob sai ntawm photovoltaic ntsia muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog vim tus nqi siab ntawm fossil zog, uas ua rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov nce hauv qhov tshiab ntsia muaj peev xwm hauv Spain yog los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg photovoltaics. Poland txoj kev txav los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas mus rau cov nqi them nyiaj hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2022, suav nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj zuj zus, ua rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thib peb. Portugal tau koom nrog GW club thawj zaug, ua tsaug rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm 251 feem pua ntawm kev loj hlob txhua xyoo, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev nce nqi hluav taws xob hnub ci.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias, raws li SolarPower Europe, kaum lub teb chaws tshiab tau teeb tsa hauv Tebchaws Europe tau dhau los ua GW-theem kev lag luam. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas qhov kev txhim kho tshiab muaj peev xwm ntawm lwm lub xeev cov tswv cuab kuj tau ua tiav kev loj hlob zoo.
Saib ua ntej, SolarPower Europe kwv yees tias EU kev lag luam photovoltaic xav kom muaj kev loj hlob sai. Raws li nws "feem ntau yuav" txoj kev nruab nrab, nws kwv yees tias lub peev xwm ntawm photovoltaics nyob rau hauv EU yuav tshaj 50GW nyob rau hauv 2023, mus txog 67.8GW nyob rau hauv lub optimistic forecast scenario, uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib xyoo-rau- xyoo nce ntawm 47 feem pua hauv 2022, nws xav tias yuav nce ntxiv los ntawm 60 feem pua hauv 2023. Qhov no kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm tsawg kawg yog 85GW ntawm hnub ci muaj peev xwm ib xyoos mus txog rau xyoo 2026. SolarPower Europe "tsawg scenario" pom 66.7GW ntawm txhua xyoo. PV kev teeb tsa los ntawm 2026, thaum nws "qhov xwm txheej siab" pom yuav luag 120GW ntawm lub hnub ci xav kom txuas nrog daim phiaj txhua xyoo hauv ib nrab xyoo kaum xyoo.
02 Tsim kev sib koom ua ke: Tebchaws Europe npaj tsim "kev tsim khoom hauv zos" kev lag luam photovoltaic
Thaum lub peev xwm txhim kho tau loj hlob tuaj, hu rau kev tsim cov European PV tsim lub hauv paus tau tsis ntev los no tau nrov zuj zus vim tias Europe kev cia siab rau Suav PV ntshuam tau dhau los ua hnyav dua.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9, European Commission tau tsim tsa European Solar Photovoltaic Industry Alliance los txhawb kev nqis peev hauv EU lub hnub ci kev lag luam. Pib los ntawm kev lag luam, cov koom haum tshawb fawb, cov koom haum thiab lwm cov neeg nyiam, lub koom haum txhawb nqa Tebchaws Europe lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncav cuag 30GW ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus txawm thoob plaws tag nrho hnub ci PV tus nqi saw los ntawm 2025. Lub hom phiaj no yog sib npaug rau ntau tshaj li rau lub sij hawm tam sim no cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo txog. 4.5 GW.
Lub koom haum tshiab yuav txhawb nqa cov peev txheej rau European hnub ci photovoltaic tsim cov haujlwm, siv tag nrho cov peev txheej uas twb muaj lawm thiab tshiab, nthuav dav European lub peev xwm tsim khoom, thiab pab txhawb European photovoltaic tus nqi saw txuas (polysilicon ingots, silicon wafers, hlwb, modules), thiab lwm yam. ., nyob rau hauv 2025 Lub cog lus tsim muaj peev xwm mus txog 30GW. Kev lag luam lub cev SolarPower Europe (SPE) tau hais tias ntawm tus nqi tam sim no ntawm kev teeb tsa, ua tiav 30GW ntawm txhua xyoo kev tsim khoom hauv zos yuav ua tau raws li 75 feem pua ntawm PV modules Europe xav tau txhua xyoo. Lub hom phiaj no tseem yuav txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm, tsim ntau dua 100,000 txoj haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom ib leeg thiab txhawb nqa ib puag ncig 1 lab txoj haujlwm tsom rau kev teeb tsa hnub ci thiab kev saib xyuas.
Hais lus ntawm lub koom haum kev tshaj tawm, EU Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton tau hais tias: "Los ntawm qhov kev koom tes no peb xav tsim kom muaj hnub ci PV muaj nuj nqis nyob hauv Europe, txo peb txoj kev vam khom thiab Tsim kom muaj nuj nqis hauv EU." Nws ntseeg tias Tebchaws Europe tseem muaj ntau txoj haujlwm ua. Ntawm 450GW ntawm photovoltaic modules tsim thoob ntiaj teb hauv 2021, EU tswj cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm tsawg dua 9GW ntawm lawv.
"Peb tau poob kev lag luam thiab peb tab tom sim coj mus rhaub cov peev txheej ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no," nws ceeb toom, ceeb toom tias thaum lub hnub ci zog yog "tsim nyog" rau Tebchaws Europe decarbonization thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lub zog, EU yuav luag tag nrho nyob ntawm Tuam Tshoj. rau photovoltaic manufacturing. Tuam Tshoj tam sim no tswj 80 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub hnub ci photovoltaic tsim muaj peev xwm, thiab nws cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hauv polysilicon thiab silicon ingots yuav sai sai no txog ze li ntawm 95 feem pua.
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias European Solar Energy Industry Alliance yuav ua raws li xya lub tswv yim kev npaj ua haujlwm: 1) txheeb xyuas cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev nthuav dav kev tsim khoom thiab muab cov lus pom zoo; 2) pab txhawb kev nyiaj txiag, suav nrog tsim txoj hauv kev lag luam rau hnub ci photovoltaic kev tsim khoom; Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke; 4) Txhawb nqa kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb muaj zog; 5) Txhawb hnub ci PV tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab; 6) Txhawb kev ntsuas kev ncig thiab kev ruaj ntseg; 7) Tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ua haujlwm rau PV kev tsim khoom. Tsim los ntawm xya lub phiaj xwm kev nqis tes ua no, lub koom haum txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yuav yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyiaj ntiag tug thiab pej xeem rau kev tsim khoom hauv tsev hnub ci PV, yog li nthuav lub peev xwm, ua kom muaj kev lag luam nyob ruaj khov thiab txhawb kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam PV ruaj khov.
Raws li REPowerEU txoj kev npaj, EU lub hom phiaj yog ntxiv 45GW ntawm hnub ci zog txhua xyoo los ntawm 2030, thiab lub peev xwm nruab yuav ncav cuag 600GW. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj lub hnub ci kev lag luam lub tswv yim, cov teb chaws Europe kev cia siab rau Tuam Tshoj lub crystalline silicon hnub ci zog mov saw yuav tsuas tob zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim lub peev xwm hauv EU tau pom tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov hom phiaj los ntawm REPowerEU hauv cheeb tsam no.
EIT InnoEnergy CEO Diego Pavia tau hais tias, "Ib yam li peb tau ua rau cov roj teeb los ntawm European Battery Alliance, tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm rau peb ua ib yam dab tsi rau hnub ci photovoltaics. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tsim cov phiaj xwm raws li lub hnub ci PV tus nqi saw rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm EU pej xeem. "