Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 16, European Commission tau tshaj tawm cov kev cai lij choj rau Net Zero Industry Act thiab Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb, vam tias yuav txhawb nqa kev tsim cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm EU kev lag luam, ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv hauv zos, thiab tso cai rau EU coj cov kev lag luam ntsuab. kiv puag ncig.
Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam hauv zos los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, ob daim nqi no tsis yog tsuas yog cov lus teb rau US Inflation Reduction Act, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm EU Green New Deal industrial plan.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ob daim nqi yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm kev taw qhia? Nws yuav cuam tshuam dab tsi rau kev lag luam cuam tshuam hauv Suav teb? Cov teeb meem no tsim nyog saib ze dua.
Hais txog lub peev xwm tsim khoom hauv zos
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov ntsiab lus, "Net Zero Industry Act" tsom mus rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm tsim khoom hauv zos ntawm EU's net xoom kev lag luam, thiab "Critical Raw Materials Act" tsom mus rau kev ua kom muaj kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm EU lub lag luam net xoom, digital thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam tiv thaiv, kev siv tshuab chaw thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Kev muab cov khoom siv raw khoom ruaj ntseg.
Tam sim no, ib feem peb ntawm EU lub tsheb hluav taws xob, roj teeb thiab feem ntau ntawm nws cov photovoltaic modules raug xa los ntawm cov teb chaws sab nraud EU, feem ntau yog los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, EU cov kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws xws li cov khoom siv kiv cua thiab cov twj tso cua sov kuj tau ntsib teeb meem xws li kev poob qis thiab kev sib tw thev naus laus zis.
Txoj Cai Net Zero Industries yog li ntawd nrhiav kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis huv hauv EU hauv kev sib zog los daws cov teeb meem saum toj no thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov kev lag luam no tau npaj txaus rau kev hloov pauv mus rau lub zog huv. EU npaj tias los ntawm 2030, lub zos (tswj tswv yim) xoom-carbon technology tsim muaj peev xwm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li 40 feem pua ntawm EU cov kev xav tau.
Cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb suav nrog hauv Net Zero Kev Lag Luam Txoj Cai suav nrog: photovoltaics thiab hnub ci thermal, onshore thiab offshore cua fais fab thev naus laus zis, roj teeb thiab lub zog cia, cov twj siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hauv ntiaj teb, hydrogen electrolyzers thiab roj hlwb, biogas, biomethane, carbon capture thiab khaws cia (CCS) technologies, thiab daim phiaj technologies. Kev suav nrog hauv daim nqi txhais tau hais tias cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhawb nqa raws li txoj cai, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag xws li nyiaj pab, nyiaj txiag, thiab kev lav nyiaj txiag.
Lwm "Key Raw Materials Act" qhia tias EU yuav tsum ua tiav ntau dua 10 feem pua ntawm kev noj txhua xyoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv zos, ntau dua 40 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos, thiab ntau dua 15 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos los ntawm 2030. Txhua yam khoom siv raw khoom. los ntawm Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm ib lub teb chaws importing yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 65 feem pua ntawm EU lub xyoo noj.
Daim nqi no muaj 34 cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog cov khoom muaj nqis ntxhia. Cov khoom siv raw no tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam EU thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov saw hlau. Raws li tsab cai lij choj, European Commission yuav hais txog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv.
Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas daim nqi tsom rau, lithium, cobalt, thiab npib tsib xee yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov roj teeb lithium, thiab cov ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hu ua cov vitamins, uas muaj cov khoom sib nqus zoo, kho qhov muag, thiab hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv aerospace. , kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws, cua zog, thiab lub zog tshiab tsheb. thiab lwm yam teb.
Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm txoj cai lij choj, ib tus kws tshaj lij EU tau taw qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv raw. 63 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb cobalt tau muab rho tawm hauv Democratic Republic of the Congo thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom zoo dua hauv Suav teb; 97 feem pua ntawm EU cov khoom siv magnesium los ntawm Tuam Tshoj; 100 feem pua ntawm cov ntiaj teb uas tsis tshua muaj siv hauv cov hlau nplaum tas mus li thoob ntiaj teb tau ua kom zoo dua hauv Suav teb; 71 feem pua ntawm EU lub platinum pab pawg hlau muab los ntawm South Africa; 98 feem pua ntawm EU cov khoom borate los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv.
Daim nqi thov tias EU muaj kev vam khom rau ntau lub tebchaws thib peb rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb mus rau kev lag luam digital thiab ntsuab, kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no tau nthuav dav, ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm EU cov khoom lag luam chains.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev txwv kev xa khoom, daim nqi kuj tseem ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem tso cai rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm EU raw khoom. Tsab ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias European Union tuaj yeem sau npe qee qhov mines tshiab thiab ua cov phiaj xwm cog qoob loo raws li cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm. Lub tswv yim mine tej yaam num yuav tau ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv 24 lub hlis, thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tau ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv 12 lub hlis ntawm qhov tseeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, European Commission yuav ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes loj rau cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev pheej hmoo, tsim cov khoom siv raw cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb raw khoom chains txawj txhim kho.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm "Inflation Reduction Act" rau Tuam Tshoj yog dab tsi?
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2022, Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm "Txoj Cai Lij Choj txo qis", muab kev txhawb nqa thiab kev txhawb nqa se muaj nqis txog US $ 369 nphom rau cov thev naus laus zis ntsuab. Daim nqi no yog txoj cai tswj kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm Asmeskas, nqa ntau qhov kev nqis peev hauv Asmeskas kev tsim khoom. Hauv lub lis piam txij li tsab cai lij choj tau tsim tawm, qee lub tuam txhab tau tshaj tawm txog kev sib koom ua ke kwv yees li $ 28 nphom hauv kev nqis peev tshiab hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv hluav taws xob tsheb, roj teeb thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci.
EU ntseeg hais tias tsab cai lij choj tsim kev ntxub ntxaug tawm tsam EU lub tsheb hluav taws xob, roj teeb, hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv thiab kev lag luam siv hluav taws xob, thiab yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev sib tw thiab kev txiav txim siab peev ntawm European kev lag luam.
Raws li kev ntxhov siab los ntawm ntau lub koom haum European kev lag luam thiab tuam txhab lag luam, European Commission tau txiav txim siab los ntsuas los tiv thaiv US Inflation Cutting Act.
Kev txiav txim los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev ntsuas saum toj no, ob daim nqi yog los txhawb cov ncej qis-carbon industries nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ntawm ib sab tes, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes los xyuas kom meej cov khoom ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev lag luam saw thiab xyuas kom meej cov khoom ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Sustainable txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lag luam muaj feem xyuam.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj txhais tau hais tias EU tau teeb tsa qhov pib rau kev ntshuam ntawm xoom-carbon kev lag luam cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, txo cov kev xav tau ntawm ntshuam, thiab tib lub sijhawm ua kom muaj kev sib tw rau cov peev txheej tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev nce qis.
Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj yog ib qho tseem ceeb exporter ntawm cov khoom cua turbine, cov khoom siv photovoltaic, lithium roj teeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv kev lag luam ntawm net xoom kev lag luam, ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm EU lub photovoltaic wafers thiab cov khoom siv, thiab ntau dua 25 feem pua ntawm cov tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov roj teeb tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, 97 feem pua ntawm EU cov magnesium thiab 100 feem pua ntawm cov ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj siv hauv cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Yog tias ob daim nqi no raug coj los siv, lawv yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qee lub tuam txhab suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis zoo hauv kev lag luam net-zero thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem nqis peev ncaj qha hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias, zoo li cov teeb meem hauv "Txoj Cai Txo Cov Nyiaj Txiag", kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam thiab qee qhov kev ntsuas nyiaj pab hauv ob daim nqi tau ua txhaum txoj cai tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm World Trade Organization (WTO). Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm European xav txog lub tank Bruegel tau sau tias ob daim ntawv sau rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsis tiav kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1960.
"Lub EU ntsib teeb meem geopolitical thiab yuav tsum ceev nws txoj kev hloov pauv ntsuab, uas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm EU txoj cai xws li kev pab nyiaj thiab cov kev lag luam muaj kev sib tw.
Yav dhau los, thaum Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm tsab cai "Inflation Reduction Act", EU cov nom tswv thiab cov thawj coj loj ntawm European Commission tau liam tias Tebchaws Meskas tau ua nws, ntseeg tias txoj cai tau muab nyiaj pab rau pej xeem rau cov tuam txhab uas ua haujlwm tsim khoom hauv Tebchaws Meskas, uas. ua mob rau cov tuam txhab European. kev txaus siab thiab tsis saib xyuas WTO cov cai.
EU nyiaj txiag Ministers tau hais nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham hais tias cov nyiaj pab nyob rau hauv lub Inflation Reduction Act ntxub ntxaug EU lub tsheb, renewable zog, roj teeb thiab lub zog-industries industries thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau EU kev lag luam kev sib tw thiab kev txiav txim siab peev. Tebchaws Meskas tsis quav ntsej EU cov kev txhawj xeeb txog daim nqi no, uas yuav ua rau EU yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua pauj.
Tom qab ob daim nqi raug xa mus, lawv tau nyiam kev tawm tsam los ntawm ntau tog. Ntxiv nrog rau European xav tank Bruegel qhov kev thuam ntawm EU txoj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub xeev, tus neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Asmeskas xov xwm Politico kuj tau sau ib tsab xov xwm taw qhia tias txhawm rau txhawm rau sib tw nrog Tuam Tshoj thiab Tebchaws Meskas hauv kev lag luam qis qis, EU tau poob lub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam dawb thiab muab daim ntawv lo tshiab rau EU cov tub ceev xwm. Tsis txhob hlawv cov thee, thiab hloov mus rau cov ntsiab cai hlawv."
Tam sim no, ob daim nqi tau xa mus rau European Parliament thiab EU cov tswv cuab. Cov txiaj ntsig kev cai lij choj zaum kawg tseem tsis tau tham los ntawm European Parliament thiab ntau lub tebchaws, thiab tseem muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim nqi.