Fossil fuels tau dhau los zuj zus thiab teeb meem ib puag ncig muaj zuj zus. Tib neeg tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev txhim kho lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Raws li "Global Solar Energy Outlook 2023" tso tawm los ntawm Bloomberg Intelligence, lub ntiaj teb hnub ci zog xav tau yuav loj hlob li ntawm 40% hauv 2022 thiab xav tias yuav loj hlob ntxiv. Lub koom haum International Energy tau kwv yees tias lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yuav dhau lub zog hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 2027.
Hnub ci zog yog dab tsi?
Hnub ci zog los ntawm lub hnub. Lub hnub zoo li lub reactor nuclear loj. Lub nuclear fusion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub hnub lub cores tsim ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, uas yog radiated rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb thiab tshav kub. Tib neeg tuaj yeem sau tau lub zog no los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis sib txawv, xws li hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab cov khoom siv thermal.
Hnub ci zog yog siv ntau txoj hauv kev, feem ntau suav nrog photovoltaics thiab hloov mus rau hauv thermal zog. Lub qub no tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, xws li siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam, thaum tom kawg yog siv rau cov dej kub. Hom hnub ci zog muaj xws li passive thiab hybrid hnub ci.
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog siv rau ntau yam kev siv, nrog rau cov tsev, kev lag luam, thiab cov chaw pej xeem, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev teeb pom kev zoo, cua txias, cua sov, dej kub, dej twj tso kua mis, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb irrigation.
photovoltaic hnub ci zog
Hnub ci photovoltaic fais fab tuag yog kev hloov ntawm lub hnub ci mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm photovoltaic panels lossis roj teeb modules. Cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub hnub ci los ntes lub hnub rays thiab tsim hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC).
Txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov neeg yuav tsum tau nruab hnub ci inverters los hloov DC fais fab mus rau hauv alternating tam sim no (AC). Yog tias muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic, cov hluav taws xob ntxiv tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv cov roj teeb lossis pub rau hauv daim phiaj. Ua li no, txhua tsev neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav kev txaus siab ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txo nqi hluav taws xob.
Hnub ci photovoltaic panels yooj yim rau nruab thiab lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li lub zog xav tau los ntawm lub tsev. Lawv feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm lub ru tsev, rooftops, balconies, pergolas los yog ncaj qha rau hauv av. Photovoltaic panels muaj nyob rau txhua xyoo thiab yooj yim los tswj.
hnub ci thermal zog
Hnub ci cua sov cov cuab yeej ntes cov cua sov ncaj qha los ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag lossis cov khoom sau thiab hloov mus rau hauv thermal zog. Tsis zoo li cov tshuab photovoltaic, cov cuab yeej no tsim cov cua sov uas siv los ua kom sov dej lossis cua, feem ntau hauv cov cua sov, cov pas dej da dej lossis cov dej kub hauv tsev. Lawv feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm lub ru tsev lossis qhov chaw siab thiab muaj lwm yam xws li cov kav dej thiab cov dej tso dej ntxiv rau cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Cov chav no tsuas yog tsim kom muaj cua sov rau hnub ci thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas me ntsis.
hnub ci passive
Piv nrog rau saum toj no ob lub hnub ci zog, lub hnub ci tsis muaj zog tsis xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob xws li hnub ci vaj huam sib luag kom tau txais thiab ua cov hnub ci zog, tab sis ncaj qha tau txais lub hnub ci zog. Passive solar systems feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho bioclimatic, xws li Passivhaus lossis Passivhaus cov tsev muaj ntawv pov thawj (los ntawm German tus qauv). Qhov no passive solar system tsis xav tau hluav taws xob. Hloov chaw, nws khaws cov hnub ci hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tsim cov kev taw qhia hauv tsev tsim nyog, xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam, thiab khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsev cua sov lossis cua txias, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no txuag lub zog thiab txo koj cov pa roj carbon hneev taw.
hybrid hnub ci
Hybrid hnub ci yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no ua ke hnub ci thiab tsis yog hnub ci zog.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm lub hnub ci zog?
1. Lub hnub yog lub hauv paus muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, inexhaustible thiab inexhaustible.
2. Txawm hais tias semiconductors yuav tsum tau tsim cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, lub hnub ci zog nws tus kheej tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug. Thaum lub sij hawm siv lub hnub ci zog, tsis muaj lub tsev cog khoom gases thiab lwm yam khoom siv pov tseg, thiab tsis muaj suab nrov.
3. Lub hnub ci zog tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
4. Hnub ci zog tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon emissions.
5. Txawm hais tias kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub hnub ci zog thoob ntiaj teb tsis zoo ib yam, lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev nyab xeeb.
6. Hnub ci zog tuaj yeem txo cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv tsev.
7. Kev txhim kho lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub tsev muaj nqis.
8. Hnub ci tshuab tau zoo dua thiab cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau pheej yig dua.
9. Lub hnub ci kev lag luam yog ib qho kev lag luam loj hlob zuj zus ntxiv uas tsim cov hauj lwm.