Raws li lub ntiaj teb kev thov rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab txuas ntxiv mus, photovoltaic fais fab tsim tshuab tau tsim sai heev. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm photovoltaic fais fab tiam technology, lub photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb tus tsim rationality ncaj qha cuam tshuam lub zog tsim efficiency, ua hauj lwm stability thiab economic kev pab cuam ntawm lub hwj chim chaw nres tsheb. Ntawm lawv, qhov muaj peev xwm piv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab.
01
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb muaj peev xwm piv
Photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb muaj peev xwm piv yog hais txog qhov piv ntawm lub peev xwm nruab ntawm photovoltaic modules rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv inverter. Vim qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm photovoltaic fais fab tuag thiab qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm ib puag ncig, lub peev xwm piv ntawm photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb tsuas yog teeb tsa raws li lub peev xwm ntawm photovoltaic modules ntawm 1: 1 yuav ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm photovoltaic inverter pov tseg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm photovoltaic system nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm photovoltaic system. Rau kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, qhov pom kev muaj peev xwm tsim qauv yuav tsum siab dua 1: 1. Kev tsim qauv tsim ntawm lub peev xwm sib piv tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua kom lub zog tsim tawm, tab sis kuj hloov mus rau cov teeb pom kev sib txawv thiab tiv thaiv qee qhov kev poob.
02
Lub ntsiab influencing yam ntawm volume ratio
Tsim nyog muaj peev xwm-rau-kev faib piv tus qauv tsim yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov project tshwj xeeb. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj peev xwm-rau-kev faib ua piv txwv muaj xws li tivthaiv attenuation, system poob, irradiance, Cheebtsam installation inclination, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev tsom xam yog raws li nram no.
1. Cov ntsiab lus attenuation
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev laus thiab attenuation, tam sim no attenuation ntawm modules nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo yog hais txog 1%, thiab lub attenuation ntawm lub modules tom qab xyoo ob yuav hloov linearly. Tus nqi lwj hauv 30 xyoo yog kwv yees li 13%, uas txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm lub module poob qis, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tso tawm tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis tu ncua. Yog li ntawd, lub photovoltaic muaj peev xwm piv tsim yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tivthaiv attenuation thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm lub hwj chim chaw nres tsheb kom maximize qhov sib txuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim thiab txhim kho system efficiency.
2. Qhov system poob
Nyob rau hauv lub photovoltaic system, muaj ntau yam poob ntawm lub photovoltaic modules thiab lub inverter tso zis, nrog rau cov poob ntawm series thiab parallel Cheebtsam thiab shielding plua plav, DC cable poob, photovoltaic inverter poob, thiab lwm yam. Qhov poob ntawm txhua qhov txuas yuav cuam tshuam rau inverter ntawm photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb. qhov tseeb tso zis zog ntawm lub converter.
Hauv kev siv qhov project, PVsyst tuaj yeem siv los simulate qhov tseeb configuration thiab shading poob ntawm qhov project; feem ntau, DC sab poob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog li 7-12%, inverter poob yog li 1-2%, thiab tag nrho poob yog li ntawm 8-13%; Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov tsis sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm photovoltaic modules thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim hluav taws xob tiag tiag. Yog hais tias ib tug photovoltaic inverter raug xaiv raws li lub module installation muaj peev xwm thiab ib tug muaj peev xwm piv ntawm 1: 1, qhov tseeb tshaj plaws tso zis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub inverter tsuas yog hais txog 90% ntawm lub rated peev ntawm lub inverter. Txawm tias thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub inverter yuav Tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov load txo qhov kev siv ntawm lub inverter thiab system.
3. Ntau qhov chaw muaj qhov sib txawv irradiances
Lub module tsuas tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub zog tso zis raws li STC kev ua haujlwm (STC kev ua haujlwm: lub teeb siv 1000W / m², roj teeb kub 25 degree, huab cua zoo 1.5). Yog tias cov kev ua haujlwm tsis ua raws li STC cov xwm txheej, cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm photovoltaic module yuav tsum tsawg dua li nws lub zog ntsuas, thiab lub sijhawm faib cov khoom siv teeb pom kev hauv ib hnub tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li STC cov xwm txheej, feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv irradiance. , kub, thiab lwm yam thaum sawv ntxov, nruab nrab thiab yav tsaus ntuj; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib txawv irradiances thiab ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv muaj qhov cuam tshuam sib txawv ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm photovoltaic modules. , yog li nyob rau theem pib ntawm qhov project, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv teeb pom kev zoo hauv zos raws li thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv suav.
Yog li ntawd, txawm nyob rau tib qhov chaw, muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv irradiation thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tib lub system configuration, uas yog, lub zog tsim muaj peev xwm txawv nyob rau hauv tib lub peev xwm piv. Txhawm rau ua tiav tib lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov lub peev xwm piv.
4. Cheebtsam installation inclination lub kaum sab xis
Yuav muaj ntau hom ru tsev nyob rau hauv tib qhov project ntawm cov neeg siv-sab photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb, thiab cov ru tsev sib txawv yuav koom nrog cov khoom sib txawv tsim inclination cov ces kaum, thiab irradiance tau txais los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas kuj yuav txawv; Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam project nyob rau hauv Zhejiang Muaj xim steel pobzeb ru tsev thiab pob zeb ru tsev, thiab cov tsim inclination ces kaum yog 3 degree thiab 18 degree feem. Qhov sib txawv inclination ces kaum yog simulated los ntawm PV thiab irradiation cov ntaub ntawv ntawm inclined nto yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no; koj tuaj yeem pom cov irradiation tau txais los ntawm cov khoom nruab rau ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv. Qhov degree txawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov ru tsev faib feem ntau yog cov pobzeb, cov zis zog ntawm cov khoom siv nrog tib lub peev xwm yuav qis dua cov uas muaj qee qhov kev xav.
03
Capacity ratio tsim tswv yim
Raws li kev soj ntsuam saum toj no, tus tsim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm piv tau tsuas yog los txhim kho tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab los ntawm kev kho DC sab nkag peev xwm ntawm inverter; tam sim no configuration txoj kev ntawm lub peev xwm ratio yog tsuas yog muab faib mus rau hauv them nyiaj over-provisioning thiab active over-provisioning.
1. Kev them nyiaj rau kev faib nyiaj ntau dhau
Compensating tshaj-matching txhais tau hais tias kho lub peev xwm-rau-match ratio kom lub inverter tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov zis tag nrho thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo. Txoj kev no tsuas yog siv rau hauv tus account ntawm qhov poob uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv photovoltaic system. Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom (raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no), lub kaw lus poob thaum lub zog xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug them rov qab, kom lub inverter tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov khoom siv tag nrho thaum siv tiag tiag. cuam tshuam tsis ncov clipping poob.
2. Active tshaj kev faib
Active overprovisioning yog mus txuas ntxiv kom muaj peev xwm ntawm photovoltaic modules nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm compensating rau overprovisioning (raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no). Txoj kev no tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov kev poob qis, tab sis kuj suav nrog cov khoom lag luam xws li cov nqi peev thiab cov txiaj ntsig. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm puv sijhawm ntawm lub inverter kom pom qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kom txo qis qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob (LCOE). Txawm tias thaum lub teeb pom kev tsis zoo, lub inverter tseem ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom tag nrho, yog li ncua lub sijhawm ua haujlwm puv sijhawm; Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tiag tiag ntawm lub kaw lus yuav muaj "peak clipping" tshwm sim raws li qhia hauv daim duab, thiab nws yuav nyob ntawm qhov txwv thaum qee lub sijhawm. Xa cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov muaj peev xwm tsim nyog, tag nrho LCOE ntawm qhov system yog qhov qis tshaj, uas yog, cov nyiaj tau los nce.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev them nyiaj ntau dhau kev sib tw, nquag sib tw thiab LCOE yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no. LCOE txuas ntxiv txo qis raws li qhov muaj peev xwm sib piv tau nce. Ntawm qhov nyiaj them tshaj qhov sib piv, qhov system LCOE tsis ncav cuag tus nqi qis tshaj. Yog tias qhov muaj peev xwm sib piv tau ntxiv mus rau qhov kev sib tw dhau los, qhov system LCOE LCOE nce mus txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Yog tias qhov peev xwm piv tau ntxiv, LCOE yuav nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, lub active over-distribution point yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws peev xwm piv tus nqi ntawm lub system.
Rau lub inverter, yuav ua li cas kom tau raws li qhov qis tshaj LCOE ntawm lub system yuav tsum tau txaus DC sab over-provisioning peev xwm. Rau cov cheeb tsam sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tsis zoo irradiation tej yam kev mob, siab dua active over-provisioning kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau mus cuag ncua inversion. Lub sij hawm tso zis ntawm lub inverter tuaj yeem ua kom tiav kom txo tau LCOE ntawm lub kaw lus; Piv txwv li, Growatt photovoltaic inverters txhawb nqa 1.5 npaug tshaj kev muab rau ntawm DC sab, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshaj-kev pabcuam hauv ntau thaj chaw.
04
kev txiav txim siab thiab kev tawm tswv yim
Piv txwv li, ob qho tib si them nyiaj overprovisioning thiab active overprovisioning schemes yog zoo txhais tau tias los txhim kho cov efficiency ntawm photovoltaic systems, tab sis txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej qhov tseem ceeb. Compensatory over-provisioning feem ntau yog tsom rau kev them nyiaj poob haujlwm, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm dhau los tsom mus rau kev nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev nce peev thiab txhim kho cov nyiaj tau los; Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm tiag tiag, nws raug pom zoo kom xaiv ib qho peev txheej tsim nyog-muab piv rau kev teeb tsa raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov project.